主谓的意义一致 - 六级语法

发布时间:2015/11/17 16:13    浏览次数:3049    来源:本站
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??主语和谓语动词之间数的一致是英语中非常重要的关系。决定主谓一致有若干原则,如意义一致(notional agreement)、语法一致(grammatical agreement)、就近一致(principle of proximity)等。所谓意义一致即从意义角度来处理主谓一致问题,主语形式为单数,但意义角度为复数,谓语动词采用复数形式;有时,主语形式为复数,但意义为单数,谓语动词采用单数形式。下面着重谈谈主谓的意义一致原则在大学英语考试中容易出错的几种情况:

 

??1.表示时间、重量、长度、距离、价值、数目等的名词作主语,即使是复数形式,谓语动词也采用单数形式。如:

Three weeks is not enough for me to write this article

 

??2.当一个复数名词用作书刊、诗集或报纸名称时,谓语通常都用单数形式。如:

The Arabian Nights is a popular reading with the young people

 

??3.以-s结尾的一些名词如,news physicsmathematicspoliticsphonetics apparatus等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。但是mathematicspoliticsphonetics dialectics等名词前面有定冠词the,形容词性物主代词yourmy his等或such这类形容词时,谓语动词用复数。如:

??Politics is one of the subjects that I like best

??My politics are neither conservative nor liberal

??以-s结尾的疾病名称,如:measles diabetesarthritis等;以-s结尾的专有名词,如:the?United Nationsthe United States等,作主语时,谓语动词用单数。如:

??The United Nations plays a very important role in the modern society

 

??4.定冠词the +形容词作主语时,如果指的是一类人,谓语动词用复数形式;如果指的是一类物或抽象概念时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:

??The old are usually very conservative

??The beautiful gives pleasure to all ofus

 

??5.当两个或两个以上的人、物或概念放在一起表示同一个人、物、或概念时,像ham and eggstoast and winesalt and waterlaw and orderwar and peace time and tideknife and forkbread and buttersoup and salad等,谓语动词要用

??单数形式。如:

??Your assistance and that of your friends is greatly appreciated

Bread and butter is a kind of healthy food

 

??6.集合名词如,peoplepolicecattlepoultry等作主语时,其后的谓语动词总是用复数形式。如:

 

??The cattle are grazing on the grassland

 

??7.当audienceteamcommitteeclasscompany couplefamilystaffgrouppubliccrowdorganization personneljurygovernmentmilitia等集体名词作主语时,如果强调整体概念,谓语动词要用单数形式。如:

??My family is very large

??如果强调个体概念,谓语动词用复数形式。如:

??My family are all sports lovers

 

??8most ofhalf ofthe rest ofplenty ofa lot of lots ofthe lastthe remaindervarietyproportionmajorityvarietyproportionmajority等词单独作主语时,常用单数谓语),分数或百分数+of+中心词作主语,后跟可数名词单数或不可数名词时,谓语动词要用单数形式。如:

??Most of the small village was destroyed in World War Two

??这些中心词后跟可数名词复数时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:

??Most of the tourists are not hurt in the accident

??A great variety of cars were shown there

 

??9what引起的从句作主语时,谓语动词一般采用单数形式。如:

??What was once regarded as impossible has now become a reality

??但如果主语的补语是复数形式,谓语动词用复数形式。如:

??What we badly need are large numbers of books

 

??10whatwhowhichanyallnonenone作复数看待时较多)等代词是单数,还是复数,主要由句意决定。如:

??Which is your book

??Which are your books

??None is more qualified for the job than I

??All I know is limited

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